Best Man­age­ment Practices

Texas Forestry Asso­ci­a­tion (TFA) sup­ports the imple­men­ta­tion of non-reg­u­la­to­ry forestry best man­age­ment prac­tices (BMPs) to min­i­mize non­point source pol­lu­tion. Forestry BMPs are based on sci­en­tif­ic research and pro­vide uni­form guid­ance to for­est landown­ers and oper­a­tors on how to com­ply with the over­all non­point source man­age­ment pro­gram admin­is­tered joint­ly by the Texas Com­mis­sion on Envi­ron­men­tal Qual­i­ty and the Texas State Soil and Water Con­ser­va­tion Board.

BMPs gen­er­al­ly address tim­ber har­vest­ing, road con­struc­tion and main­te­nance, site prepa­ra­tion, tree plant­i­ng and oth­er nor­mal forestry activ­i­ties. BMPs also main­tain the pro­duc­tiv­i­ty and sus­tain­abil­i­ty of forest­ed sites and should con­tin­ue to serve as the foun­da­tion for prac­tic­ing good for­est stewardship.

TFA sup­ports retain­ing the non-reg­u­la­to­ry frame­work of the Clean Water Act and Coastal Zone Man­age­ment Act as the most effec­tive and effi­cient means of min­i­miz­ing the impact of forestry oper­a­tions on water qual­i­ty, wet­land areas, and coastal resources.

TFA sup­ports the con­tin­ued exemp­tion of nor­mal sil­vi­cul­tur­al prac­tices from Clean Water Act Sec­tion 404 per­mit require­ments and encour­ages the use of BMPs in wet­land areas as the means of pro­tect­ing wet­land systems.

TFA is com­mit­ted to work­ing with state and fed­er­al agen­cies, acad­e­mia, indus­try, envi­ron­men­tal orga­ni­za­tions, and the entire for­est sec­tor to update the BMPs as new research, mon­i­tor­ing data, oper­a­tions, and tech­nol­o­gy are devel­oped and pub­lished. TFA will pro­mote non-reg­u­la­to­ry imple­men­ta­tion of BMPs by all landown­ers through edu­ca­tion and incen­tive pro­grams to ensure that sus­tain­able for­est man­age­ment is effec­tive­ly inte­grat­ed with envi­ron­men­tal pro­tec­tion objectives.

Last Revi­sion Date: 12/11/2025

Cap­i­tal Gains

TFA oppos­es leg­is­la­tion that would cre­ate a new spe­cial class of pri­vate prop­er­ty pur­chas­er through tax favoritism. TFA oppos­es any tax sub­sidy that would pro­vide a cap­i­tal gains tax reduc­tion to those sell­ing pri­vate prop­er­ty to gov­ern­ment or land trusts for con­ser­va­tion pur­pos­es. This type of tax favoritism would place pur­chasers of pri­vate prop­er­ty at a dis­ad­van­tage when engaged in a com­pet­i­tive bid­ding process.

Adopt­ed: 10/24/2007

Tim­ber Tax Reform

TFA sup­ports fed­er­al leg­is­la­tion that would cor­rect the com­pet­i­tive imbal­ance imposed by the U.S. tax sys­tem rel­a­tive to the more favor­able rules for tim­ber invest­ments in most com­pet­ing nations. The Tim­ber Revi­tal­iza­tion and Eco­nom­ic Enhance­ment (TREE) Act, HR 1937, revers­es the trend of decreas­ing U.S. com­pet­i­tive­ness in the for­est prod­ucts indus­try by: 1) Pro­vid­ing a 60-per­cent deduc­tion for qual­i­fied tim­ber gain, which results in a max­i­mum tax rate on such gain of 14-per­cent for both indi­vid­u­als and cor­po­ra­tions; & 2) Pro­vides for mod­ern­iza­tion of the Real Estate Invest­ment Trust (REIT) rules for tim­ber property.

TFA sup­ports pas­sage of the TREE Act.

Adopt­ed: 10/24/2007

Herbicide/​Pesticide Use

Her­bi­cides, insec­ti­cides, and fungi­cides are essen­tial for effec­tive and eco­nom­i­cal refor­esta­tion in Texas.

TFA sup­ports the use of her­bi­cides and oth­er pes­ti­cides on forest­lands when applied in accor­dance with all fed­er­al, state, and local reg­u­la­tions, man­u­fac­tur­er labels, and forestry Best Man­age­ment Practices.

TFA is com­mit­ted to work­ing with the Texas Depart­ment of Agri­cul­ture to ensure that rea­son­able guide­lines are devel­oped for the use of pes­ti­cides so they do not pose a sig­nif­i­cant risk to human health, endan­gered species, or the envi­ron­ment and that guide­lines for use of pes­ti­cides do not unnec­es­sar­i­ly ham­per forestry operations.

Last Revi­sion Date: 12/11/2025

Prop­er­ty Tax On Pri­vate For­est Lands

TFA sup­ports the con­tin­u­a­tion of the con­cept of tax­ing for­est and agri­cul­tur­al lands on their abil­i­ty to pro­duce, i.e. — cur­rent use val­ues opposed to high­est and best use. The tim­ber use and agri­cul­tur­al use val­ue con­cepts have proven to be effec­tive in main­tain­ing those lands in agri­cul­tur­al and tim­ber relat­ed uses, which bet­ter pro­tects envi­ron­men­tal stability.

TFA also sup­ports the tax incen­tives for qual­i­fied for­est zones and regen­er­at­ed tim­ber­land to encour­age refor­esta­tion, afforesta­tion and the preser­va­tion of non-tim­ber val­ues (i.e. water qual­i­ty, crit­i­cal wildlife habi­tat and pro­tec­tion of historic/​scenic areas).

We believe that tax­a­tion of qual­i­fied tim­ber­lands by meth­ods oth­er than their pro­duc­tiv­i­ty capa­bil­i­ty will result in esca­lat­ing prop­er­ty tax val­ues even­tu­al­ly forc­ing a decline in avail­able nat­ur­al resources, and the ben­e­fits they pro­vide to soci­ety at lit­tle, if any, cost to the public.

Adopt­ed: 10/24/2007

Refor­esta­tion Programs

TFA sup­ports the refor­esta­tion efforts on pri­vate own­er­ships. Rec­og­niz­ing the fun­da­men­tal impor­tance of renew­ing a vital nat­ur­al resource, incen­tive pro­grams such as the laws passed by the Texas Leg­is­la­ture over the past sev­er­al years that pro­vide sig­nif­i­cant tax incen­tives for plant­i­ng trees on agri­cul­tur­al open-space lands and on tim­ber lands that have been har­vest­ed pro­mote the cause of for­est regen­er­a­tion and aug­ments tree plant­i­ng efforts in the state.

TFA sup­ports the reau­tho­riza­tion of the Farm Bill and the Forestry Titles which require states to set pri­or­i­ties for forestry assis­tance pro­grams. TFA sup­ports the allo­ca­tion of EQIP funds that rec­og­nize and encour­age tree plant­i­ng on pri­vate­ly owned tim­ber lands.

The ben­e­fits of a grow­ing for­est to the envi­ron­ment, the econ­o­my, and to soci­ety are numer­ous. Replant­i­ng efforts insure the avail­abil­i­ty of paper, wood and wood by-prod­ucts for the future. They help main­tain water qual­i­ty, pre­vent soil degra­da­tion and pro­vide wildlife habi­tat as well as recre­ation­al opportunities.

Adopt­ed: 10/24/2007

Loss Of Land Base Due To Water Impoundments

Texas Forestry Asso­ci­a­tion (TFA) rec­og­nizes the seri­ous­ness of the future demands on our state’s water resources and do applaud the efforts of the region­al water plan­ning groups and the State Water Devel­op­ment Board in devel­op­ing a long range water plan that encom­pass­es water con­ser­va­tion and oth­er appro­pri­ate mea­sures to ensure that the cit­i­zens, agricultural/​forestry oper­a­tions and indus­tries of this state have ade­quate water sup­plies available.

TFA is con­cerned that the iden­ti­fied water reser­voirs in addi­tion to the mit­i­gat­ed land required for these projects in East Texas will unnec­es­sar­i­ly remove large acres of a land base that will destroy future economies and local com­mu­ni­ties. TFA oppos­es the con­struc­tion and the fund­ing of water impound­ments in East Texas, unless such projects have been ade­quate­ly jus­ti­fied and are sup­port­ed by the agri­cul­tur­al com­mu­ni­ties in the affect­ed rur­al com­mu­ni­ties. TFA’ s con­cerns are as follows:

• The loss of valu­able tim­ber­lands and the land base that sup­ports a key renew­able nat­ur­al resource.
• The loss of future tim­ber pro­duc­tion from these lands.
• The con­tin­ued loss of valu­able bot­tom­land hard­wood as wildlife habi­tat and oth­er envi­ron­men­tal benefits.
• The usurpa­tion of pri­vate tim­ber­land own­er­ship in favor of own­er­ship by governmental

or qua­si-gov­ern­men­tal entities.

The loss of prop­er­ty taxes.

The loss of land to mitigation.

TFA sup­ports and encour­ages the state to study oth­er sources of water sup­plies and con­ser­va­tion mea­sures in lieu of future water reser­voirs. TFA sug­gests that the fol­low­ing steps be tak­en before any water impound­ments are considered:

• Uti­lize exist­ing reser­voirs, encour­age water con­ser­va­tion and reuse pri­or to con­sid­er­ing new reservoirs.
• The state should sup­port research and tax incen­tive pro­grams that focus on desalination.
• The state should impose water con­ser­va­tion and rate struc­ture mea­sures in areas of the state where water short­ages are expected.
• The future eco­nom­ic and socioe­co­nom­ic impacts on the local com­mu­ni­ties, industries,

tax­ing enti­ties, landown­ers, agri­cul­tur­al and forestry oper­a­tions must be considered.

• Landown­ers should be com­pen­sat­ed with annu­al rental pay­ments until the reser­voir is con­struct­ed and should have the right to roy­al­ties from the sale of water from the reservoir.
• Landown­ers should have the oppor­tu­ni­ty to sign con­ser­va­tion ease­ments instead of hav­ing the land con­demned for mit­i­ga­tion purposes.
• Water regions sup­port­ing the con­struc­tion of the reser­voir should share in the mit­i­ga­tion required for the project based on the per­cent­age of water con­trolled by that region.
• Uti­lize deplet­ed aquifers for water storage.

Last Revi­sion Date: 12/11/2025

WATERS OF THE UNIT­ED STATES (WOTUS)

The Clean Water Act (CWA) reg­u­lates pol­lu­tion dis­charges to Waters of the Unit­ed States (WOTUS). In 2015, EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engi­neers pro­posed the Clean Water Rule that sig­nif­i­cant­ly expand­ed what con­sti­tutes a WOTUS. The pro­posed rule rede­fined the scope of fed­er­al pow­er by expand­ing the list of water fea­tures sub­ject to reg­u­la­tion under the CWA, adding cost­ly new admin­is­tra­tive bur­dens for states and landown­ers. TFA, along with numer­ous oth­er orga­ni­za­tions, opposed this rule and pro­vid­ed writ­ten com­ments to EPA. Since 2015, this rule has been lit­i­gat­ed, stayed, rescind­ed, and amended.

In 2023, EPA and the Depart­ment of the Army issued a final WOTUS rule that con­forms to the U.S. Supreme Court’s deci­sion in the case of Sack­ett v. Envi­ron­men­tal Pro­tec­tion Agency. Due to judi­cial actions, WOTUS is applied incon­sis­tent­ly across the coun­try. Twen­ty-four states, the Dis­trict of Colum­bia, and U.S. Ter­ri­to­ries fol­low the new 2023 rule, while 26 states, includ­ing Texas, are imple­ment­ing the pre-2015 reg­u­la­to­ry régime con­sis­tent with the Sack­ett deci­sion. If new rule­mak­ing com­mences, TFA sup­ports actions that do not extend fed­er­al juris­dic­tion to non-nav­i­ga­ble, isolated/​intrastate waters and wet­lands, ephemer­al streams, ditch­es, and retains the long­stand­ing sil­vi­cul­tur­al exemp­tions in the CWA regard­ing dredge and fill and storm water permitting.

Last Revi­sion Date: 12/11/2025

Emi­nent Domain

TFA sup­ports changes to the state’s emi­nent domain law which would restrict an agency of gov­ern­ment from using the pow­er of emi­nent domain with­out first estab­lish­ing proof that there is a pub­lic need for the land and doc­u­ment­ing that there is no alter­na­tive avail­able. The asso­ci­a­tion also oppos­es the tak­ing of land by emi­nent domain for recre­ation­al, envi­ron­men­tal or pri­vate busi­ness pur­pos­es. TFA sup­ports the posi­tion that landown­ers should be com­pen­sat­ed for the val­ue of their land and the tim­ber resources on the land using both cur­rent and future values.

TFA sup­ports leg­is­la­tion that requires those exer­cis­ing emi­nent domain to make a good faith offer, and leg­is­la­tion that pro­vides more ade­quate com­pen­sa­tion to own­ers of prop­er­ty that is con­demned which include roy­al­ty pay­ments to the landown­er. In addi­tion, TFA sup­ports leg­is­la­tion which returns to pri­vate own­er­ship prop­er­ty acquired through con­dem­na­tion for a stat­ed pur­pose and not used for that pur­pose. TFA sup­ports the posi­tion that the orig­i­nal landown­er should be giv­en the first option to re-pur­chase their prop­er­ty at the orig­i­nal sale price.

Adopt­ed: 10/24/2007

Green Build­ing

TFA sup­ports the U.S. Green Build­ing Council’s (USG­BC) pilot Alter­na­tive Com­pli­ance Path (ACP) for wood and paper prod­ucts in its Lead­er­ship in Ener­gy and Envi­ron­men­tal Design (LEED) 2009 and LEED v4 rat­ing sys­tems. This pilot pro­gram, which was released pm April 5, 2016, enables all cer­ti­fied prod­ucts to be eli­gi­ble for LEED cred­it rec­og­niz­ing the Sus­tain­able Forestry Ini­tia­tive (SFI), Amer­i­can Tree Farm Sys­tem (ATFS), Cana­di­an Stan­dards Asso­ci­a­tion (CSA), and the Pro­gramme for the Endorse­ment of For­est Cer­ti­fi­ca­tion (PEFC). TFA sup­ports the pro­mo­tion of the use of wood in LEED projects and the per­ma­nent adop­tion of the recog­ni­tion of all wood cer­ti­fi­ca­tion sys­tems in the LEED rat­ing system.

Amend­ed: 10/26/2016

Alter­na­tive Energy

The Texas Forestry Asso­ci­a­tion sup­ports reduc­ing the Unit­ed States depen­dence on tra­di­tion­al ener­gy sources and becom­ing ener­gy inde­pen­dent. In that regard, the Texas Forestry Asso­ci­a­tion encour­ages improved ener­gy effi­cien­cies in for­est man­age­ment, uti­liza­tion, trans­porta­tion, and man­u­fac­tur­ing of for­est prod­ucts. The Texas Forestry Asso­ci­a­tion also encour­ages and sup­ports the use of alter­na­tive, renew­able cel­lu­losic ener­gy sources, par­tic­u­lar­ly woody bio­mass, to achieve this objective.

Last Revi­sion Date: 12/11/2025

Estate Tax

The ​“Keep the For­est in the Fam­i­ly Estate Tax Act” is a pro­pos­al to make changes to the estate tax Spe­cial Use Val­u­a­tion for pri­vate for­est own­ers. Spe­cial Use Val­u­a­tion cur­rent­ly allows for­est own­ers to val­ue their man­aged for­est at its cur­rent use val­ue, rather than the fair mar­ket val­ue, for estate tax pur­pos­es. When the Spe­cial Use Val­u­a­tion was put into law, there was a restric­tion added that penal­izes a landown­er if they har­vest tim­ber with­in ten-years from the date the landown­er elect­ed to include their tim­ber under this val­u­a­tion. While for­est landown­ers are eli­gi­ble, the law was writ­ten for farm­ers and very few for­est landown­ers ben­e­fit from Spe­cial Use Val­u­a­tion. The pro­posed Act would allow the har­vest of tim­ber with­out estate tax penal­ties if the prop­er­ty is under a rec­og­nized man­age­ment plan or in a third-par­ty cer­ti­fi­ca­tion program.

TFA sup­ports pas­sage of the ​“Keep the For­est in the Fam­i­ly Estate Tax Act”.

Adopt­ed: 10/16/2012

Endan­gered Species

Texas Forestry Asso­ci­a­tion (TFA) under­stands the over­all intent of the Endan­gered Species Act (ESA) to pro­tect crit­i­cal­ly imper­iled species from extinc­tion. As part of an orga­ni­za­tion guid­ed by a con­ser­va­tion phi­los­o­phy, we strive to enhance and per­pet­u­ate the Texas for­est resource through sus­tain­able man­age­ment that ulti­mate­ly pro­vides high qual­i­ty habi­tat for plant and ani­mal species.

ESA list­ings and relat­ed reg­u­la­tions can have a neg­a­tive eco­nom­ic impact, par­tic­u­lar­ly on pri­vate prop­er­ty own­ers and agri­cul­ture based indus­tries. Giv­en the impor­tance of these list­ing deci­sions, high-qual­i­ty, sci­en­tif­ic infor­ma­tion is crit­i­cal in order to make well informed decisions.

TFA sup­ports using sound sci­en­tif­ic research to eval­u­ate species for pos­si­ble list­ing as endan­gered or threat­ened under the ESA. The Habi­tat Pro­tec­tion Fund estab­lished by the 83^rd Texas Leg­is­la­ture and admin­is­tered by the Comp­trol­ler of Pub­lic Accounts pro­vides a nec­es­sary vehi­cle to pro­vide fund­ing for state pub­lic uni­ver­si­ties to con­duct high-qual­i­ty species research to aid in mak­ing these determinations.

When sound sci­en­tif­ic research iden­ti­fies species of con­cern, at-risk species, or species that may need for­mal list­ing, con­ser­va­tion efforts can be crit­i­cal to species recov­ery. TFA sup­ports encour­ag­ing pri­vate land stew­ard­ship through non-reg­u­la­to­ry, incen­tive-based approaches.

Landown­ers par­tic­i­pat­ing in these pro­grams should be pro­vid­ed reg­u­la­to­ry assur­ances that lim­it their oblig­a­tions under the ESA or oth­er reg­u­la­to­ry pro­grams. Mar­ket based approach­es, such as pri­vate species con­ser­va­tion banks, are also oppor­tu­ni­ties to sup­port recov­ery. With 95% of Texas in pri­vate own­er­ship, pri­vate landown­ers are the key to species recov­ery and con­serv­ing the state’s nat­ur­al heritage.

Last Revi­sion Date: 12/11/2025

Pre­scribed Burn

TFA sup­ports the con­tin­ued respon­si­ble use of pre­scribed burn­ing by landown­ers as a man­age­ment tool.

Pre­scribed burn­ing is rec­og­nized as a valu­able land man­age­ment tool in both for­est and range­land ecosys­tems. The prop­er appli­ca­tion of fire is essen­tial for haz­ardous fuels reduc­tion, site prepa­ra­tion efforts for for­est and range­land regen­er­a­tion, main­tain­ing and improv­ing wildlife habi­tat, and the con­trol of insects, dis­eases, and unwant­ed or inva­sive plant species. Many native plant and ani­mal species are depen­dent on an ecosys­tem that includes fire.

TFA rec­og­nizes that the use of pre­scribed burn­ing enhances pub­lic safe­ty by reduc­ing or elim­i­nat­ing haz­ardous fuel loads there­by reduc­ing the threat and dev­as­ta­tion caused by uncon­trolled wildfires. 

TFA sup­ports the Cer­ti­fied Pre­scribed Burn Man­agers pro­gram and encour­ages the state to seek ways to pro­mote and rec­og­nize the pro­fes­sion­al burn man­agers by adopt­ing laws and local reg­u­la­tions that encour­age the use of pre­scribed burn­ing on Texas’ lands.

Adopt­ed by the TFA Board of Direc­tors on Octo­ber 21, 2015

For­est Health

TFA strong­ly rec­om­mends the prompt con­trol of all native and non-native inva­sive pests and plants. These pests and plants cause mil­lions of dol­lars’ worth of dam­age annu­al­ly to forests and wood­lands in Texas and across the nation. Pests such as south­ern pine bee­tle and emer­ald ash bor­er and plants such as Chi­nese tal­lowtree and Japan­ese climb­ing fern threat­en mil­lions of acres of forests and native ecosys­tems. Once estab­lished, these pests and plants can decrease for­est pro­duc­tiv­i­ty. Decreased for­est pro­duc­tiv­i­ty results in loss­es of rev­enue, recre­ation­al val­ue and native habi­tat required by a vari­ety of game and non-game species.

There are many proven meth­ods for con­trol­ling and min­i­miz­ing the impact and spread of these pests. First among these is imple­ment­ing sound for­est man­age­ment strate­gies which may include pre­scribed burn­ing, thin­ning and the use of chem­i­cals, both insec­ti­cides and her­bi­cides. When forests are unman­aged, the chance for either native or non-native inva­sive species attack­ing or estab­lish­ing increas­es dra­mat­i­cal­ly. TFA encour­ages all for­est and wood­land own­ers to active­ly man­age their lands to main­tain healthy and vibrant forest­ed ecosystems.

TFA also strong­ly sup­ports the con­tin­u­a­tion and devel­op­ment of research for both bio­log­i­cal and chem­i­cal con­trol agents for con­trol­ling native and non-native inva­sive pests and plants.

Last Revi­sion Date: 12/11/2025

Tim­ber Tax Provisions

The tim­ber tax pro­vi­sions in the fed­er­al and state tax codes rec­og­nize the treat­ment of pri­vate forests as long-term invest­ments in real prop­er­ty and the costs and risks asso­ci­at­ed with main­tain­ing a healthy and pro­duc­tive for­est. The tim­ber tax pro­vi­sions sup­port jobs and encour­age long-term land man­age­ment deci­sions that are sound stew­ard­ship prac­tices for the land, water qual­i­ty, wildlife, and pub­lic recre­ation­al opportunities.

TFA mem­bers oppose any con­sid­er­a­tion by the U.S. Con­gress to repeal the Cap­i­tal gains treat­ment of tim­ber rev­enue; the repeal of the deduc­tion for tim­ber grow­ing costs; the repeal of the deduc­tion and amor­ti­za­tion of refor­esta­tion costs; and the repeal of the treat­ment of tim­ber as real prop­er­ty for pur­pos­es of the real estate invest­ment trust rules.

Fur­ther­more, TFA mem­bers sup­port the tim­ber tax incen­tives in the Tim­ber Tax Man­u­al of the State tax code that pro­vide incen­tives for pri­vate landown­ers to refor­est fol­low­ing a har­vest; plant open space land to trees; and pro­vide tax incen­tives to pro­tect stream-side man­age­ment zones, aes­thet­ic areas, crit­i­cal wildlife habi­tat areas, and areas of his­toric and spe­cial interest.

Adopt­ed: 10/21/2014

For­est Carbon

Texas Forestry Asso­ci­a­tion rec­og­nizes and sup­ports the envi­ron­men­tal­ly sig­nif­i­cant role of trees and forests. Through the process of pho­to­syn­the­sis, trees absorb car­bon diox­ide from the atmos­phere, release oxy­gen, and store car­bon through­out the entire tree. In fact, accord­ing to the USDA For­est Ser­vice, approx­i­mate­ly 50% of a tree’s dry weight is made up of car­bon. This process of cap­tur­ing and stor­ing car­bon is called car­bon seques­tra­tion. USDA For­est Ser­vice sci­en­tists esti­mate that forests in the Unit­ed States annu­al­ly uti­lize the equiv­a­lent of thir­teen per­cent of the country’s gross green­house gas emis­sions each year.

Sus­tain­ably man­aged forests also pro­vide car­bon ben­e­fits through car­bon stor­age in long lived, har­vest­ed wood prod­ucts. Uti­liz­ing for­est prod­ucts in build­ing, pack­ag­ing, and ener­gy mate­ri­als can pro­vide addi­tion­al car­bon ben­e­fits. Car­bon off­set mar­kets are anoth­er approach that can yield pos­i­tive ben­e­fits, though it is imper­a­tive that these mar­kets focus on eco­log­i­cal and cred­it integrity.

For over 100 years, TFA has sup­port­ed poli­cies, pro­grams, and ini­tia­tives that work to improve the health, resilien­cy, and sus­tain­abil­i­ty of the state’s for­est resources. Healthy mar­kets for for­est prod­ucts are essen­tial to increas­ing car­bon seques­tra­tion, stor­age, and myr­i­ad of oth­er eco­nom­ic, envi­ron­men­tal, and social ben­e­fits. In the long term, a sus­tain­able for­est man­age­ment strat­e­gy aimed at increas­ing for­est car­bon stocks while pro­duc­ing an annu­al sus­tained yield of for­est prod­ucts will gen­er­ate the largest car­bon seques­tra­tion benefit.

Adopt­ed: 12/8/22